Oncolytic virotherapy on its own has numerous drawbacks, including an inability of the virus to actively target tumor cells and systemic toxicities at the high doses necessary to effectively treat tumors. Addition of immune cell-based carriers of oncolytic viruses holds promise as a technique in which oncolytic virus can be delivered directly to tumors in smaller and less toxic doses. Interesti...

Oncolytic viruses show specific targeting and killing of tumor cells and therefore provide attractive assets for cancer immunotherapy. In parallel to oncolytic viral vectors based on adenoviruses and herpes simplex viruses, oncolytic RNA viruses and particularly alphaviruses have been evaluated as delivery vehicles. Immunization studies in experimental rodent models for various cancers includin...

INTRODUCTION Gene therapy offers promising approaches for the development of anticancer agents with new modes of action. Among gene therapy vectors, vaccinia virus has emerged as an attractive agent especially when used as an oncolytic virus. AREAS COVERED This review describes the use of vaccinia virus in cancer therapy as a gene therapy vector, as an oncolytic virus and in the generation of...

new cancer therapies with novel mechanisms and functions are needed to treat patients with different cancers. virotherapy is a good scenario for such treatment. the advantages of virotherapy include the potential lack of cross resistance with standard therapies and the ability to cause tumor destruction by numerous mechanisms. oncolytic virus not only possesses unique mechanisms of action that ...

Virus-mediated oncolysis is not a new concept. The idea goes back to the early 1900s, when it was noted that a flu-like disease coincided with a substantial drop in the number of tumor cells in a leukemic patient (1) and that rabies vaccination was followed by regression of cervical cancer (2). Additional anecdotal observations followed, but early attempts at viral therapy for cancer were unsuc...

Central to the development of oncolytic virotherapies for cancer will be a better understanding of the parameters that influence the outcome of virotherapy to treat disseminated cancer by i.v. administration versus regional disease by local treatment. Intratumoral administration of 01/PEME, an oncolytic adenovirus, required approximately 1000-fold less dose than i.v. administration to induce si...

Immunotherapy and oncolytic virotherapy have both shown anticancer efficacy in the clinic as monotherapies but the greatest promise lies in therapies that combine these approaches. Vesicular stomatitis virus is a prominent oncolytic virus with several features that promise synergy between oncolytic virotherapy and immunotherapy. This review will address the cytotoxicity of vesicular stomatitis ...

PURPOSE AND EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Replication-competent herpes simplex virus [HSV (oncolytic HSV)] holds considerable promise for treating malignant solid tumors, although the potency of the virus needs improvement if its full clinical potential is to be realized. Incorporation of membrane fusion capability into an oncolytic HSV, either by screening for a syncytial HSV mutant after random mutagen...

Oncolytic virus therapy is perhaps the next major breakthrough in cancer treatment following the success in immunotherapy using immune checkpoint inhibitors. Oncolytic viruses are defined as genetically engineered or naturally occurring viruses that selectively replicate in and kill cancer cells without harming the normal tissues. T-Vec (talimogene laherparepvec), a second-generation oncolytic ...